Citations & References

MLA Format Essay Template

Set a paper up in MLA 9 once and correctly — margins, font, the first-page header, the running head, quotations and the Works Cited page — with a full annotated example to check yours against.

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Why MLA Formatting Costs Students Marks

MLA formatting marks are the easiest on a paper to lose: a cover page nobody asked for, Word's default space between paragraphs, a bolded title, page numbering that starts at two. None of it is about your argument, and all of it is checked.

A Template That Is Already Correct

This page gives you the MLA 9 rules as a checklist, a first page you can copy line for line, the Works Cited patterns for the sources students actually use, and the exact clicks to set it up in Google Docs or Word.

How it works

  1. Set 1-inch margins and double spacing, then switch off space after paragraphs
  2. Add the four-line header: your name, instructor, course, date as 10 October 2026
  3. Centre the title in plain body text — no bold, no italics, no quotation marks
  4. Put your surname and the page number flush right on every page, starting at one
  5. Start Works Cited on a new page, alphabetise it, and apply a 0.5-inch hanging indent
Example
A literature essay on Beloved: header in the top left, "Okafor 1" flush right, the title centred in plain 12 pt, body double-spaced with half-inch indents and no gaps between paragraphs, and a Works Cited page listing only the four sources actually cited.

The MLA 9 page setup, in one table

MLA 9 is a short list of mechanical rules. Nothing here is a matter of taste, and every one of them is checked at a glance by whoever marks your paper.

ElementMLA 9 requirement
Margins1 inch on all four sides
FontAny readable font where italic is clearly distinct from regular — usually 11–13 pt
Line spacingDouble, everywhere, including the Works Cited page
Paragraph indentFirst line indented 0.5 inch
Space between paragraphsNone — no blank line, no extra leading
AlignmentLeft-aligned, ragged right. Never justified
First-page headerFour lines, upper left: your name, instructor, course, date
Date formatDay month year — 10 October 2026
TitleCentred, title case, no bold, italics, underline, quotes or full stop
Running headSurname + page number, flush right, 0.5 inch from the top, on every page
Title pageNone, unless your instructor asks for one
Works CitedNew page, heading centred, alphabetical, 0.5 inch hanging indent

What MLA 9 actually says about fonts

Almost every guide online tells you MLA requires Times New Roman 12 pt. It does not, and it never has. The handbook asks for a font that is easy to read and in which the italic type is clearly different from the regular type. It suggests 11 to 13 pt as the sensible range and leaves the choice to you.

Safe in MLA

Times New Roman 12, Georgia 12, Garamond 13, Cambria 12, Arial 11. All readable, all with a distinct italic.

Avoid

Anything decorative, anything below 11 pt, and any font whose italic looks almost identical to its regular weight.

One exception that overrides all of this

If your instructor's brief specifies a font, that instruction wins. Departmental style sheets are allowed to be stricter than MLA, and the person marking your paper is following theirs, not the handbook.

The first page, line by line

MLA has no title page. The identifying information goes in the top-left corner of page one, double-spaced like everything else, and the essay starts immediately underneath the title.

Okafor 1

Amara Okafor

Dr. Elena Whitfield

ENGL 1102

10 October 2026

The Quiet Archive: Memory and Omission in Beloved

Toni Morrison opens Beloved with a house that remembers more than its occupants are willing to say aloud…

  • Order matters: your name, then the instructor, then the course code, then the date. Four lines, nothing else.
  • The running head appears on page one too. Students routinely start numbering at page two; MLA numbers every page.
  • No blank line anywhere. The gap between the date and the title is one double-spaced line, not a paragraph break.
  • The title is not a heading. Do not bold or enlarge it. Centre it in the same font and size as the body.
  • Italicise titles of long works inside your title — Beloved above — but leave your own words plain.

MLA title page: only if you are asked

A standard MLA paper does not have one. If your instructor asks for a separate cover sheet anyway — and many do — MLA has no prescribed layout, so the convention below is what most departments expect.

  1. Centre everything vertically and horizontally on an otherwise blank page.
  2. Title about a third of the way down, in title case, plain text, no full stop.
  3. Your name several double-spaced lines below the title.
  4. Course, instructor and date on three further lines at the bottom third.
  5. Keep the first-page header anyway unless told otherwise — the cover sheet replaces nothing, it is added in front.

Do not add one uninvited

An unrequested cover page on an MLA paper reads as a paper formatted in a different style. If the brief is silent, use the four-line first-page header and no cover sheet.

Quotations: short, long and verse

The dividing line is four lines of prose or three lines of verse, measured as the quotation would sit on your page, not as it sits in the original.

Short quotationBlock quotation
ThresholdUp to 4 lines prose / 3 lines verseMore than that
Quotation marksYesNo — the indent does that job
PositionRun into your sentenceNew line, whole block indented 0.5 inch
CitationBefore the full stop: …memory (Morrison 42).After the full stop: …memory. (Morrison 42)
SpacingDoubleDouble — never single, never italic

In-text citations in MLA carry no comma and no "p.": (Morrison 42), not (Morrison, p. 42). If you have already named the author in your sentence, only the page number goes in the brackets.

  • Two authors: (Santos and Reyes 118)
  • Three or more: (Santos et al. 118)
  • No page numbers, as on most web pages: (Santos)
  • Two works by one author: (Morrison, Beloved 42)
  • Verse: cite line numbers, not pages — (Eliot, lines 12–14)

The Works Cited page

MLA 9 builds every entry from the same nine core elements, in a fixed order, and you simply skip the ones that do not apply: Author. "Title of Source." Title of Container, Other contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication date, Location.

SourceWorks Cited pattern
BookSurname, First. Title. Publisher, Year.
Chapter in an edited bookSurname, First. "Chapter Title." Book Title, edited by First Surname, Publisher, Year, pp. 00–00.
Journal articleSurname, First. "Article Title." Journal, vol. 00, no. 0, Year, pp. 00–00.
Article with a DOI… pp. 00–00. Database, https://doi.org/10.xxxx/yyyy.
Web pageSurname, First. "Page Title." Site Name, Day Month Year, URL.
Whole websiteSite Name. Publisher, Year, URL.
YouTube video"Video Title." YouTube, uploaded by Channel, Day Month Year, URL.
FilmTitle. Directed by First Surname, Studio, Year.
  1. Start a new page. Works Cited never shares a page with your conclusion.
  2. Centre the heading — "Works Cited", plain text, no bold, no italics, no quotation marks.
  3. Alphabetise by the first element of each entry, which is usually the author's surname and occasionally a title.
  4. Hanging indent of 0.5 inch: the first line of each entry sits at the margin and every line after it is indented.
  5. Keep it double-spaced within and between entries. No blank lines.
  6. Same author, several works: replace the repeated name with three hyphens and alphabetise by title.

A Works Cited page lists only what you cited in the text. A bibliography lists everything you read. MLA asks for the former, so every entry must have a matching in-text citation and every in-text citation must have an entry.

Setting it up in Google Docs and Word

Both applications default to settings that break MLA — Word adds space after paragraphs, Docs starts at 1.15 line spacing. Fix those two first.

Google Docs

1. File → Page setup → margins 1" all round.
2. Format → Line & paragraph spacing → Double.
3. Same menu → Remove space after paragraph.
4. Insert → Page numbers → top right, then type your surname and a space before the number.
5. Tab once at the start of each paragraph.

Microsoft Word

1. Layout → Margins → Normal (1").
2. Home → Line spacing → 2.0.
3. Line spacing options → Spacing After → 0 pt.
4. Insert → Page Number → Top of Page → Plain Number 3, then type your surname and a space.
5. For the hanging indent: select your entries, Ctrl+T (⌘+T on Mac).

The hanging indent shortcut

Do not press Tab or space to fake a hanging indent — it collapses the moment the text reflows. Select your Works Cited entries and press Ctrl+T, or drag the lower triangle on the ruler to 0.5 inch.

The MLA mistakes that actually cost marks

Formatting is usually worth a small, fixed share of the grade, which makes it the cheapest marks on the paper to secure. These are the errors that turn up most often.

  • A cover page nobody asked for, with the four-line header deleted along with it.
  • Extra space between paragraphs, left on by Word's defaults. MLA is uniformly double-spaced with no gaps.
  • A bolded or enlarged title. It is body text, centred.
  • Page numbering starting at 2, because the first page was treated as a title page.
  • "p." inside the brackets. MLA in-text citations are author and page number only, with no comma.
  • A single-spaced Works Cited page, or one with blank lines between entries.
  • A faked hanging indent made of tabs and spaces.
  • Entries listed in the order you found them rather than alphabetically.
  • Sources in the list that are never cited in the text. That is a bibliography, and it is not what was asked for.

Want the method, not just the tool?

How to Write an RRL (Review of Related Literature) — The chapter students rewrite the most — because nobody teaches you to argue with sources instead of listing them. Structure, synthesis examples, and how to name your research gap.

Try it on your own document

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Frequently asked questions

What is the correct MLA format for an essay?
One-inch margins, a readable 11–13 pt font, double spacing throughout with no extra space between paragraphs, a half-inch first-line indent, a four-line header in the top left of page one giving your name, instructor, course and date, a centred plain-text title, and your surname with the page number flush right on every page. Works Cited starts on a new page with a half-inch hanging indent.
Does MLA require Times New Roman 12 pt?
No. MLA 9 asks for a readable font in which italic type is clearly distinguishable from regular type, and suggests 11 to 13 pt. Times New Roman 12 is a conventional choice rather than a rule. If your instructor specifies a font, follow that instead — departmental instructions override the handbook.
Does an MLA essay need a title page?
No. MLA puts the identifying information in a four-line header at the top left of the first page instead. Add a separate cover sheet only if your instructor explicitly asks for one, and keep the first-page header when you do.
How do I set up MLA format in Google Docs?
File → Page setup for 1-inch margins, Format → Line and paragraph spacing → Double, then "Remove space after paragraph" from the same menu. Insert → Page numbers in the top right, then type your surname and a space before the number. Tab once to start each paragraph.
Where does the page number go in MLA?
Flush right, half an inch from the top of the page, preceded by your surname and a single space — Okafor 1. It appears on every page including the first, which is the detail students most often get wrong.
How long does a quotation have to be before it becomes a block quote?
More than four lines of prose or three lines of verse as it would appear on your page. A block quotation starts on a new line, is indented half an inch, takes no quotation marks, and puts the citation after the closing full stop rather than before it.
What is the difference between Works Cited and a bibliography?
A Works Cited page lists only the sources you actually cited in your text. A bibliography lists everything you consulted. MLA asks for Works Cited, so every entry needs a matching in-text citation and every in-text citation needs an entry.
Is Works Cited double-spaced?
Yes, within each entry and between entries, with no blank lines added. Each entry carries a half-inch hanging indent, which in Word and Google Docs is Ctrl+T (⌘+T on Mac) rather than tabs or spaces.